What condition can lead to elevated Lithium levels?

Elevated lithium levels can occur due to dehydration because lithium is primarily excreted through the kidneys, and hydration status can significantly impact its serum concentration. When an individual is dehydrated, the kidneys may retain more lithium in an effort to conserve water, thereby increasing the concentration of lithium in the blood.

Dehydration can arise from various factors such as excessive sweating, inadequate fluid intake, vomiting, or diarrhea. When any of these conditions lead to a reduced fluid volume, it affects kidney function and can disrupt the normal excretion of lithium, resulting in an increased risk of toxicity.

The other conditions listed, while they may have their own implications for health, do not directly influence lithium levels in the same way dehydration does.